GENERAL PURPOSE BULK CARRIER They generally have a double or multi deck design. On the second deck, there are hatches. They carry various types of packaged Ioad. They stopover in many ports to deliver their cargo. Avery hold has a crane mounted by the hatch for Ioading/unloading. Hatches have hydraulic folding or automatic roll off / roll on type designs. The weather deck can be fitted with stanchions for the carriage of logs.   TANKERS Tanker designs feature a double ground and double skin structure, or Iwin hull. They are used for the carriage of liquid load. Oil Tanker : used for the transportation of oil and oil products (gasoline, fuel-oil etc.) Crude Oil Tanker : used for the transportation of crude oil. Asphalt Tankers used for the transportation of asphalt raw materials and oil waste. OBO (Oil Bulk Carrier) : used either for the carriage of dry cargo or of oil products. BULK CARRIER They feature ballast tanks under the decks which are called ''wing tanks''. They have a mono deck design. Holds can also be used for carrying ballast as well. Tanks are strengthened to enable the transportation of heavy load (e.g. ore). Bulk Carriers are also used for the carriage of other types of load. CONTAINER SHIPS Cargo is transported in special sealed boxes having standard dimensions (e.g. 20' x 8' x 8' -30'-40').In container transportation, the cargo is Ioaded on TIR's directly from the ship in order to ensure proper transportation of perishable Ioad. Container ships have a box type construction featuring double skin sides. Containers can be Ioaded/unloaded via deck mounted cranes or by portside cranes. Container ships with a Ioad capacity up to 1100 TEU are generally named 'Feeder Ship' . Feeder ships are used for the transportation of containers transferred onto them from Iarger ships to ports. They feature specialized cellular guides and other arrangements for securing containers in the hold. Speed is an important consideration for these kinds of vessels. Some ship types may include provisions enabling the transportation of floating type containers. They are towed to the port via tug-boats. This specific ship is a "Lash" type container ship.  CHEMICAL TANKERS Chemical Tankers have a different structure than vessels of other types. Depending on the cargo type for which they are designed1 they are classified into classes IMO 11 IMO 11 and IMO 111. Depending on their dass they may have different internal structures. They feature specialized internal tanks which are isolated from one another. Tanks are built with stainless steel or steel. The internal walls of the tanks are coated. Pipes are generally made from stainless steel. Chemical tankers have a design enabling them to carry hazardous load.     PASSENGER BOAT Boats with capacity for more than 12 passengers are called passenger boats. Depending on their sizes, passenger boats take different names. Passenger ship: vessels which are used in urban sea traffic and for excursions. They do not provide cabin accommodation for passengers. Car/Passenger Ferry: are vessels used for transporting passengers as well as their cars. Liners: Passenger boats operating over- seas. Cruise Ship: Large passenger boats used in touristic cruises.   RO-RO/CONTAINER SHIPS -> A ship type designed for the transportation of vehicles such as Iorries1 TIR's etc. Access to the cargo section is via a side or aft loading/unloading system. The vehicles can access various decks via internal ramps. -> This type of ship allows loading/unloading containers on hatches on the weather deck with or without a crane system. -> Cabin accommodation for lorry drivers is provided. -> Various types may feature stern or bow doors/ ramps for loading/unloading vehicles. -> There are also roll on/roll off types allowing the loading/unloading of cargo on wheeled transport.   FISHING BOATS Designed for fishing in high seas, these boats have holds for storing fish to preserve them by the time they reach a port. Fishing boats are fitted with the necessary equipment and machinery to flash freeze fish at an extremely low temperature and to preserve them in insulated holds. Fishing boats are also fitted with net casting and dragging systems. Similar types may include: Trawlers, Purse-seiners, Floating fish factory REEFER SHIPS (Fully/Partly Refrigerated ships) A ship designed with a multi-deck hull and superstructure used for the transportation of perishable goods such as vegetables, fruits etc. They feature insulated hatches on all the decks. The hull and the decks are thoroughly insulated. Hatches on the decks have a smaller design. Loading/unloading is done via cranes on the weather deck. A specialized arrangement enabling the ship's agent to monitor the ambient temperature in the refrigerated holds is also featured. There is also a provision of outlets for electrically-refrigerated containers. HOPPER DREDGERS These are specialized vessels fitted with equipment used for dredging the sea floor. General specification: -> Three hydraulic or mechanic pods for fixing the vessel on the ground. -> Dredging with a system comprising buckets on a chain -Dredging with a suction pump -> Dredging with a cutter head and a suction pump -Dredging with hydraulic or mechanical grabs mounted on the deck. -> The sludge is cleared away from the dredging site on clamped buoys.   TUG BOAT Tug boats are generally used in towing ships. They may be fitted with specialized equipment serving other purposes. Example : -> Fire-fighting (fitted with fire-fighting cannons) -> Sweeping oil spillage etc. caused by sea accidents and preventing  the spillage from drifting (by :& using barriers)